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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q24-Q29):

NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following represents a valid Windows Registry key?

A. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
B. HKEY_INTERNAL_CONFIG
C. HKEY_ROOT_CLASSES
D. HKEY_LOCAL_USER

Answer: A

Explanation:
The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database storing system and application settings, organized into predefined root keys (hives). Only specific names are valid as top-level keys.
Why A is correct: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM) is a standard root key containing hardware and system-wide configuration data. CNSP references it for security settings analysis (e.g., auditing policies).
Why other options are incorrect:
B: HKEY_INTERNAL_CONFIG is not a valid key; no such hive exists.
C: HKEY_ROOT_CLASSES is a misspelling; the correct key is HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR).
D: HKEY_LOCAL_USER is incorrect; the valid key is HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU).

NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following is not a DDoS attack?

A. NTP Amplification
B. SYN Flood
C. UDP Flood
D. Brute Force

Answer: D

Explanation:
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks aim to overwhelm a target's resources with excessive traffic, disrupting availability, whereas other attack types target different goals.
Why D is correct: Brute force attacks focus on guessing credentials (e.g., passwords) to gain unauthorized access, not on denying service. CNSP classifies it as an authentication attack, not a DDoS method.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: SYN Flood exhausts TCP connection resources, a classic DDoS attack.
B: NTP Amplification leverages amplified responses to flood targets, a DDoS technique.
C: UDP Flood overwhelms a system with UDP packets, another DDoS method.

NEW QUESTION # 26
Which command will perform a DNS zone transfer of the domain "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1?

A. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com afxr
B. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com arfxr
C. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axfr
D. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axrfr

Answer: C

Explanation:
A DNS zone transfer replicates an entire DNS zone (a collection of DNS records for a domain) from a primary nameserver to a secondary one, typically for redundancy or load balancing. The AXFR (Authoritative Full Zone Transfer) query type, defined in RFC 1035, facilitates this process. The dig (Domain Information Groper) tool, a staple in Linux/Unix environments, is used to query DNS servers. The correct syntax is:
dig @<nameserver> <domain> axfr
Here, dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axfr instructs dig to request a zone transfer for "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1. The @ symbol specifies the target server, overriding the system's default resolver.
Technical Details:
The AXFR query is sent over TCP (port 53), not UDP, due to the potentially large size of zone data, which exceeds UDP's typical 512-byte limit (pre-EDNS0).
Successful execution requires the nameserver to permit zone transfers from the querying IP, often restricted to trusted secondaries via Access Control Lists (ACLs) for security. If restricted, the server responds with a "REFUSED" error.
Security Implications: Zone transfers expose all DNS records (e.g., A, MX, NS), making them a reconnaissance goldmine for attackers if misconfigured. CNSP likely emphasizes securing DNS servers against unauthorized AXFR requests, using tools like dig to test vulnerabilities.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axrfr: "axrfr" is a typographical error. The correct query type is "axfr." Executing this would result in a syntax error or an unrecognized query type response from dig.
B . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com afxr: "afxr" is another typo, not a valid DNS query type per RFC 1035. dig would fail to interpret this, likely outputting an error like "unknown query type." C . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com arfxr: "arfxr" is also invalid, a jumbled version of "axfr." It holds no meaning in DNS protocol standards and would fail similarly.
Real-World Context: Penetration testers use dig ... axfr to identify misconfigured DNS servers. For example, dig @ns1.example.com example.com axfr might reveal subdomains or internal IPs if not locked down.

NEW QUESTION # 27
Which is the correct command to change the MAC address for an Ethernet adapter in a Unix-based system?

A. ifconfig eth0 hw ether AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
B. ifconfig eth0 hwr ether AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
C. ifconfig eth0 hdw ether AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
D. ifconfig eth0 hdwr ether AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

Answer: A

Explanation:
In Unix-based systems (e.g., Linux), the ifconfig command is historically used to configure network interfaces, including changing the Media Access Control (MAC) address of an Ethernet adapter. The correct syntax to set a new MAC address for an interface like eth0 is ifconfig eth0 hw ether AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF, where hw specifies the hardware address type (ether for Ethernet), followed by the new MAC address in colon-separated hexadecimal format.
Why A is correct: The hw ether argument is the standard and correct syntax recognized by ifconfig to modify the MAC address. This command temporarily changes the MAC address until the system reboots or the interface is reset, assuming the user has sufficient privileges (e.g., root). CNSP documentation on network configuration and spoofing techniques validates this syntax for testing network security controls.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: hdw is not a valid argument; it's a typographical error and unrecognized by ifconfig.
C: hdwr is similarly invalid; no such shorthand exists in the command structure.
D: hwr is incorrect; the full keyword hw followed by ether is required for proper parsing.

NEW QUESTION # 28
According to the screenshot below, which of the following statements are correct?

A. The application is running on port 443 and the HTTPS protocol.
B. The credentials have been submitted over the HTTPS protocol.
C. The credentials have been submitted over the HTTP protocol.
D. The application is running on port 80 and the HTTP protocol.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The screenshot is from Wireshark, a network protocol analyzer, displaying captured network traffic. The relevant columns include the source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocol, and additional information about the packets. Let's break down the details:
Destination Port Analysis: The screenshot shows multiple packets with a destination port of 443 (e.g., in the "Destination" column, entries like "172.72.61.9:443"). Port 443 is the default port for HTTPS (HTTP Secure), which is HTTP traffic encrypted using SSL/TLS. This indicates that the application is communicating over HTTPS.
Protocol Analysis: The "Protocol" column lists "TLSv1.2" for most packets (e.g., frame numbers 2000084, 2000086). TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the cryptographic protocol used by HTTPS to secure HTTP communications. This confirms that the traffic is HTTPS, not plain HTTP.
Packet Details: The "Info" column provides additional context, such as "Application Data" for TLS packets, indicating encrypted application-layer data (typical of HTTPS). There are also HTTP packets (e.g., frame 2000088), but these are likely part of the HTTPS session (e.g., HTTP/2 over TLS, as noted by "HTTP2").
Now, let's evaluate the options:
Option A: "The application is running on port 443 and the HTTPS protocol." This is correct. The destination port 443 and the use of TLSv1.2 confirm that the application is using HTTPS. HTTPS is the standard protocol for secure web communication, and port 443 is its designated port. CNSP documentation emphasizes that HTTPS traffic on port 443 indicates a secure application-layer protocol, often used for web applications handling sensitive data.
Option B: "The credentials have been submitted over the HTTP protocol." This is incorrect. HTTP typically uses port 80, but the screenshot shows traffic on port 443 with TLS, indicating HTTPS. Credentials submitted over this connection would be encrypted via HTTPS, not sent in plaintext over HTTP. CNSP highlights the security risks of HTTP for credential submission due to lack of encryption, which isn't the case here.
Option C: "The credentials have been submitted over the HTTPS protocol." While this statement could be true (since HTTPS is in use, any credentials would likely be submitted securely), the question asks for the "correct" statement based on the screenshot. The screenshot doesn't explicitly show credential submission (e.g., a POST request with form data); it only shows the protocol and port. Option A is more directly supported by the screenshot as it focuses on the application's protocol and port, not the specific action of credential submission. CNSP notes that HTTPS ensures confidentiality, but this option requires more specific evidence of credentials.
Option D: "The application is running on port 80 and the HTTP protocol." This is incorrect. Port 80 is the default for HTTP, but the screenshot clearly shows port 443 and TLS, indicating HTTPS. CNSP documentation contrasts HTTP (port 80, unencrypted) with HTTPS (port 443, encrypted), making this option invalid.
Conclusion: Option A is the most accurate and comprehensive statement directly supported by the screenshot, confirming the application's use of port 443 and HTTPS. While Option C might be true in a broader context, it's less definitive without explicit evidence of credential submission in the captured packets.

NEW QUESTION # 29
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